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How Many People In Our Government Are Registered As A Foreign Agent

Written By Thursday, 12 May 2022 Add Comment Edit

2012 Russian law

Spotter against Foreign Agents Law

Strange agent law

Long championship

  • On Amendments to Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation regarding the Regulation of the Activities of Non-profit Organisations Performing the Functions of a Strange Agent

Citation 121-FZ
Enacted 20 July 2012
Commenced 21 November 2012
Legislative history
Neb 102766-6

The Russian foreign amanuensis constabulary [a] requires non-governmental organisations (NGOs), media organisations and individuals that receive donations or funding from outside Russia to register and declare themselves every bit "foreign agents".[1] [2] Once registered, organisations and individuals are subject to additional audits and are obliged to mark all their publications with a 24-word disclaimer saying that they are beingness distributed by a "foreign agent".[3] The phrase "foreign agent" (Russian: иностранный агент) in Russian has potent associations with Common cold War-era espionage. The police has been heavily criticized both in Russian federation and internationally as violating man rights, and every bit a tool used to suppress civil club and press freedom within Russia, peculiarly groups opposed to Vladimir Putin.[4] [5] [6] [vii]

The constabulary was implemented in response to protests confronting Vladimir Putin'due south return to the presidency in the 2012 presidential ballot, and was designed to constrain contained NGOs.[8] The bill was introduced in July 2012 by legislators from the governing United Russia political party and signed into law by Putin on 20 July 2012.[9] The new legislation consisted of a serial of amendments to the criminal lawmaking and the laws "On Public Associations", "On Noncommercial Organizations", and "On Combating Coin Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism".[ii] The law went into effect in November 2012, and was actively enforced by the Federal Security Service from February 2013.[one] [ten] [eleven] Its supporters initially likened it to United States legislation on lobbyists employed by foreign governments.[12] Since its introduction, the scope of the police has been progressively expanded.[13]

At first, the law applied to NGOs receiving funds from away that engaged in "political action". The "foreign agent" designation was first imposed against media organisations in 2017.[xiv] In December 2019, Putin signed an expansion of the legislation to include private individuals or groups receiving whatever amount of foreign funding which published "printed, audio, sound visual or other reports and materials".[15] In September 2021, the law was expanded to include Russian citizens who written report or share information on law-breaking, corruption or other issues related to the war machine, space and security services or their employees.[xvi] [17]

Varieties of "foreign agents" [edit]

Russian non-turn a profit organizations [edit]

On 21 November 2012, the Federal Police force of xx July 2012 №121-FZ "On Amendments to Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation regarding the Regulation of the Activities of Non-profit Organisations Performing the Functions of a Foreign Agent",[18] which is the amendments to the Federal Constabulary of 19 May 1995 №82-FZ "On public associations", the Federal Law of 12 January 1996 №7-FZ "On Non-turn a profit Organizations", the Federal Law of 7 August 2001 №115-FZ "On countering the legalization (laundering) of the proceeds of crime and the financing of terrorism", the Criminal Code of Russia and the Criminal Procedure Code of Russia, entered into forcefulness.[nineteen] In accord to this law, Russian non-profit arrangement, except for country and municipal companies, tin be declared foreign amanuensis if it participates in political activity in Russian federation and receives funding from foreign sources. Political activity is defined every bit any influence to public opinion and public policy including a sending a requests and petitions.

Media [edit]

On 25 November 2017, the amendments, independent in the Federal Law of 25 November 2017 №327-FZ "On Amendments to the articles x.iv and 15.3 of the Federal Law "On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection" and to the commodity 6 of the Russian Federation Constabulary "On the media"",[20] entered into force.[21] In accordance to these amendments, any strange juridical person distributing printed, sound or audio-visual materials can exist declared a strange media performing the functions of a "foreign agent" fifty-fifty if such juridical person doesn't take branches or representative offices in Russian federation. Foreign juridical persons designated as a strange media performing the functions of a "strange amanuensis" are obliged the Russian foreign agent law.[22]

On ii December 2019, the amendments, contained in the Federal Law of ii Dec 2019 №426-FZ "On Amendments to the Russian Federation Law "On the media" and the Federal Law "On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection"",[23] entered into force.[24] In accordance to these amendments, foreign juridical persons declared a strange media performing the functions of a "foreign agent" must form a Russian juridical person and inform Russian authorities about this.

In April 2021, the Ministry of Justice stated that a media outlet with funding from outside Russia could be designated as a "strange amanuensis" for publishing fabric in the Russian linguistic communication, even if this did not constitute participation in political activity.[25]

Russian citizens, strange citizens, stateless natural persons who distribute materials of strange media performing functions of "strange agent" and receive funding from foreign sources [edit]

The amendments, independent in the Federal Police force of 2 December 2019 №426-FZ "On Amendments to the Russian federation Constabulary "On the media" and the Federal Constabulary "On Information, Data Technologies and Data Protection"",[23] also provide the possibility to designate natural person as "foreign agent". This requires that natural person distributes a materials of a foreign media performing functions of a "foreign agent" (for example, in social media) and receives funding from foreign sources (for instance, salary from international company).[26] [27]

Russian citizens, foreign citizens, stateless natural persons who participate in political activity in Russia [edit]

On 30 December 2020, the amendments, independent in the Federal Police force of 30 December 2020 №481-FZ "On Amendments to Legislative Acts of the Russian federation regarding the Establishment Additional Measures to Counter the Threats to National Security",[28] entered into force.[29] In accordance to these amendments, special marking are envisaged not simply for a publications of non-profit organizations alleged a "strange agent" but as well for a publications of its founders, heads, members, employees. Individuals (Russian citizens, foreign citizens and stateless persons) as well tin can be declared "foreign agent" for their political activity. Political activity is defined equally any influence to public opinion including publications in social media and public policy including a sending a requests and petitions. Receiving funding from foreign sources is optional - information technology'south quite enough to "carry out activeness in favour" of strange and international authorities, organizations, citizens and stateless persons. Individuals alleged "foreign agent" are obliged to make special reporting and are deprived of the right to hold public office.

Unregistered public associations [edit]

The amendments, contained in the Federal Law of 30 December 2020 №481-FZ,[xxx] provide the possibility to designate a public associations without juridical person condition every bit "foreign agent" on the aforementioned ground equally non-profit organizations. The Ministry of Justice created the annals of unregistered public associations performing functions of a "strange agent" on 1 June 2021.[31]

Implications for NGOs [edit]

The foreign amanuensis label increases registration barriers for an NGO in Russia. This includes restrictions on foreigners and stateless peoples from establishing or even participating in the organization. A NGO must so submit to all-encompassing audits. Supervisory powers are allowed to intervene and interrupt the internal affairs of the NGO with suspensions for upwards to 6 months.[32]

Once labeled as foreign agents, organizations are obliged to mark all their publications and to begin each oral statement with a disclosure that information technology is being given past a "foreign agent".[33] Information technology as well limits the fashion a strange organization can make tax-exempt donations to specific people or the NGO past requiring them to register and be placed on a very express list of approved organizations.[32]

Some NGOs report curtailed access to regime officials and public institutions and continued harassment.[33] [34] NGO raids accept been reported as being accompanied by television crews from TV channel NTV.[35] [36]

A Ministry building of Justice report obtained by the Russian concern daily Vedomosti in May 2016 said criticism of the "strange agents" law qualifies as political activity under the "strange agents" law.[37]

Enforcement [edit]

2010s [edit]

On 4 June 2014, an amendment to the "strange agents police" came into force, authorizing the Ministry building of Justice to register independent groups as "foreign agents" without their consent, if the ministry regards the organizations as engaged in "political activity" and if the organization is receiving strange funding.[38]

By 29 June 2015, according to a report past the Council of Europe Commissioner for Homo Rights, the list of "foreign agents" included at least 70 NGOs. Of those, only five organizations voluntarily agreed to designate themselves "strange agents". At least 20 NGOs have ceased their activity either in full or in part, including through "self-liquidation". The majority of organizations were included in the first one-half of 2015.[39]

By 24 October 2016, co-ordinate to a report by Human Rights Watch, the list of active "strange agents" included 105 NGOs. Of those, 4 registered voluntarily and at least 58 were prosecuted for non doing so.[38]

Constabulary enforcement officers in Russian federation have raided the offices of several targeted organizations to seize documents and records related to their operation. Several prominent international organizations have been targeted, including Amnesty International, Man Rights Watch, and Transparency International.[40] Overall, more 55 organizations in 16 Russian regions have been audited.[1] These raids are often joined by journalists from NTV, which has aired programs which accuse human rights and opposition activists of pushing the interests of the United States.[ten] [41] [42]

In June 2017, head of the human rights NGO "Union of Women of Don" Valentina Cherevatenko was formally charged with "malicious evasion" of legal requirements ready out in the law, making it the starting time criminal proceedings initiated for non-compliance. Cherevatenko faces two years in prison.[43]

Unremarkably the legal footing for "foreign agent" designation is not bachelor. Petr Manyakhin who was designated a "foreign agent" himself and countered this in a court, received a legal justification from Ministry of Justice who argued that Manyakhin received funding in foreign currencies based on iii USD banking company transfers, which were betwixt Manyakhin's ain accounts. Further reasons given were a unmarried retweet in back up of "Meduza" and Manyakhin'southward 2020 article almost torture in Novosibirsk law.[44]

2020s [edit]

In September 2021 the law was amended and included a 60-item list of topics, covering which could be punished with adding to the register of foreign agents.[45] By December 2021, more than 100 Russian media outlets were alleged foreign agents, many of them were forced to close.[46] No trial required, a request from the Justice Ministry is enough for declaring a person or system 'a strange agent', the Ministry doesn't explicate the reasons for inclusion. At that place are many cases when it contradicts common sense, for instance, the Golos Association was alleged foreign agent for receiving the Sakharov Prize.[47] The extended Foreign Amanuensis law allowed the authorities to shut down Russian federation'southward oldest homo rights NGO 'Memorial'.[48]

A 2021 report by OVD-Info goes into great detail about the existing legislation and practice of its application. While the authorities claims that the designation does not forestall liberty of spoken language, and merely ensures transparency near who is speaking, the report clearly indicates that the regulation had a stiff chilling effect on media, which avoid quoting organizations and individuals designated equally foreign agents, and the designated themselves withdraw from public debate as result of high financial fines imposed by Roscomnadzor for instance for missing a long legal disclaimer even on a social media share of someone else'southward post. Furthermore, whatsoever entities designated as foreign agents are prohibited from acting as ballot observers, legislative experts, candidates to public supervisory commissions and other public functions. At the same fourth dimension the criteria for the designation are extremely broad and vague, from actually receiving strange grants to "participation in an international conference with accommodation at the expense of the organizer", "souvenir from friends or relatives living abroad" or even transfer of own funds from an own account in foreign currency.[49] [l]

By Spring 2022, dozens more than of important Russian journalists, public activists and scientists were declared foreign agents: blogger Yury Dud, political scientist Ekaterina Schulmann, political leader Leonid Volkov, journalists Roman Dobrokhotov, Karen Shainyan, Yelizaveta Osetinskaya, Yevgeni Ponasenkov, Alexander Nevzorov, Alexei Venediktov, Vladimir Kara-Murza. A pop joke in Russian liberal society says that 'All decent people are included into Foreign Agents list'.[51] [52] [53] No case of removal from the annals was recorded.[54]

Past end of April 2022 a serial of new amendments to the Foreign Agents Law was offered by a group of State Duma deputies and was scheduled for submission in June of the same twelvemonth. The amended document will combine all previously approved measures, introducing some extensions. For case, if approved, it will allow the authorities to marker as foreign agents fifty-fifty people and organizations that do not receive any fiscal support abroad, unspecified 'influence or pressure' from some foreign actors will be enough. Their relatives and colleagues will exist given status of 'person, affiliated with foreign amanuensis', a special register for such individuals will likewise be established. Likewise, the commercial companies will be able to fall inside the scope of the law. The amended law prohibits any educational public activity before audiences younger than xviii years, and allows the Ministry of Justice to block websites without court decision.[55]

Notable cases [edit]

An organization that has been designated as a foreign agent can be looked upwardly here: [1]
Aktsent Yekaterinburg organisation affiliated with LGBT Middle.[56] [57] Open up
Alliance of Doctors Added in March 2021. The Moscow Alliance Of Doctors (Альянс врачей) is headed past ophthalmologist Anastasia Vasilyeva, who has treated opposition leader Aleksei Navalny in the past. Information technology was founded in 2018. It fights for fair wages and working atmospheric condition for medical professionals.[58] Open
Anna Domestic-Violence Crisis Center[59] www.anna-center.ru[threescore] Open
Anti-Abuse Foundation On nine October 2019, the Ministry of Justice of Russian federation designated the Anti-Corruption Foundation as foreign amanuensis due to a payments came from USA and Spain.[61] One of these payments was the payment of Us$50 made by Yuriy Maslikhov, Russian citizen residing in USA. In an interview with journalists, Yuriy Maslikhov stated that he had transferred the coin from his PayPal account as an individual and he had been carrying out such donations earlier.[62] 2 other payments totalling ₽138505 and 41 kopecks (~The states$2170) were carried out by Spanish denizen Roberto Fabio Monda Cardenas through CaixaBank on 6 and 17 September 2019. Answering a question of journalists how he, unable to speak Russian, establish out the wire payment instructions of the Anti-Corruption Foundation after its removing from official website of the organisation, Roberto Fabio Monda Cardenas couldn't say a discussion.[63] These payments were carried out at a time when the banking concern account of the Anti-Corruption Foundation was frozen at the request of the Investigative Committee of Russian federation.[64] Despite the fact that the Anti-Corruption Foundation gave the money back, Ministry of Justice of Russia refused to remove the Anti-Abuse Foundation from the register of "foreign agents".[65] Liquidated by the decision of 9 June 2021 of the Moscow City Court as "extremist organization" (case №3а-1573/2021). FBK logo new eng.svg
Committee Confronting Torture Russian federation'due south Committee Confronting Torture disputed their inclusion into the registry in court, but the appeal was rejected. Refusing to operate nether the police force's conditions, it appear its dissolution.[66] [67] Closed Ingo-cat-logo.png
Dozhd (TV Rain) Russian independent television set channel Dozhd (Goggle box Pelting) was included in the list of "strange agents" on twenty August 2021.[68] As stated by a representative of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian federation at the coming together with the members of Presidential Quango for Civil Society and Human Rights, Dozhd was designated as "foreign amanuensis" past the request of Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media due to distributing materials prepared by media and individuals which were declared as "foreign agents" earlier, such as Meduza, Current Time Television receiver, Lev Ponomaryov, Lyudmila Savitskaya.[69] On 3 March 2022, the broadcasting was suspended for an indefinite period by the determination of CEO Natalya Sindeyeva due to legislative changes which would brand incommunicable to objectively embrace an events during Russian invasion of Ukraine.[seventy] Tvrain.svg
Dynasty Foundation Russia's only private funder of scientific research, close downwards subsequently beingness included in the registry.[71] [72] Closed
Glasnost Defense Foundation After Defence Foundation was designated a "strange amanuensis", the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe[73] and the Russian President's Human Rights Council criticised the decision.[74] Open
GlobalGiving[75] Open
GOLOS Association Russia's only independent election monitoring organization,[76] was instructed past the Russian Justice Ministry to declare themselves a "foreign amanuensis" for accepting an honour from the Norwegian Helsinki Committee.[77] Later GOLOS refused to register, stating that it had non accepted the prize money, it was fined and suspended for vi months.[77] [78] [79] Russian police force later raided the offices and the homes of employees and confiscated equipment.[lxxx] Open Movement for Defence of Voters' Rights Golos Logo.png
Humanitarian Action Russia'south Justice Ministry added "Humanitarian Action", a charity based in St. Petersburg, to its list of "foreign agents" in late 2020. The organization works mainly with drug users and people living with HIV.[75] [81] Open up
Levada Center Russia's only independent polling agency, received between 3 and 1.5% of its total budget from away.[82] Information technology was issued with a public warning that information technology would be eligible under the law.[82] Levada said it suspended foreign funding in 2013.[83] In 2016, the polling agency was named a foreign agent, disallowment information technology from work on the upcoming election.[83] [84] Levada's managing director stated that the designation may hateful that Levada would be unable to continue its piece of work as a pollster.[85] Open
Lev Ponomaryov Famous Russian human rights activist was labeled as "foreign amanuensis" on 28 December 2020.[86] Lev Ponomaryov 2011.jpg
MacArthur Foundation The American MacArthur Foundation, citing the foreign agent police along with its designation as an "undesirable organisation", closed its Russian division, operating since 1992.[87] Closed MacArth primary logo stacked.svg
Meduza Meduza is Latvian media which doesn't have branches or representative offices in Russia. Meduza publishes materials on its website in Russian and English language. On April 23, 2021, the Russian Ministry of Justice designated Meduza equally a strange media performing the functions of a "foreign amanuensis".[88] [89] In response, the European Matrimony rejected the conclusion, saying this brake "goes confronting Russia'south international obligations and human rights commitments".[ninety] [91] [92] [93] Open Meduza logo.svg
Memorial Ane of Russia's oldest organizations dedicated to preventing a return to authoritarianism, also refused to register under the constabulary. They were officially audited, and provided 8,776 pages of data documenting their activities.[4] It was placed on the registry in 2015.[94]

On 28 Dec 2021, the Supreme Court of Russian federation ordered the closure of Memorial.[95] The grouping intends to entreatment the ruling.

Closed Logo of International Memorial.svg
Nasiliu.cyberspace Domestic Violence Center Added to the "strange agent" list in December 2020. Nasiliu.net is i of Russia's leading organizations addressing domestic violence.

The ministry is asking a court to fine Nasiliu.net from 300,000 to 500,000 rubles ($4,000 to $6,800). The ministry building is seeking a fine of upward to 300,000 rubles against the NGO's director, Anna Rivina. It was founded in 2015 and was registered every bit an NGO in 2018. In December 2020, information technology was listed every bit a "foreign agent" organization, a designation that it is appealing in court.[59]

Open AvatarNN.png
Phoenix PLUS Oryol Region in Russia.[75] [96] Open
Radio Gratis Europe/Radio Liberty In 2017, the Russian government placed Radio Gratuitous Europe Russian Service, six other Radio Gratuitous Europe Russian-linguistic communication news services, and Current Time TV on the list. The fines against Radio Gratis Europe amount to about seventy million rubles ($950,000).[97] Open RFERL primary brandmark.png
Transparency International (TI-R) Transparency International was declared eligible for the characterization in 2013. The reason given was TI-R receiving coin from foreign sources, and being a office of the Adept Committee for Open up Governance in Russian federation, which deals with political activities.[98] TI-R believes that their position on the Proficient Commission for Open Governance in Russia should forbid them from existence forced to register every bit a strange agent, seeing equally information technology is a status appointed by the Russian Government. They also claim that the phrase "political activity" is likewise broadly defined in the law, and that it needs to have narrow, specific definitions.[99] Despite TI-R objections, in April 2015, the Russian Ministry building of Justice placed Transparency International on its list of 'strange agents'.[100] Open Transparency International Russia.png

Reactions [edit]

Russian federation [edit]

Russia'southward human rights commissioner, Vladimir Lukin, and several non-governmental groups filed an appeal with Russian federation's constitutional courtroom, arguing that the law violated constitutional provisions on freedom of association (Commodity 30) and that the definitions of "political activities" and "foreign agents" in its text were too vague.[101] [102] On 8 April 2014, the court decided that the law did non infringe on the Ramble right to association, and that the strange agent designation was in the public interest.[103]

Russian federation's Presidential Council for Human Rights, citing the targeting of Dynasty Foundation and the Commission Against Torture, chosen upon the Plenum of the Supreme Court to examine the exercise of the courts in the application of the law.[104]

In Feb 2016, the Russian PEN Eye issued an open letter protesting amendments to the law which divers "political action" as activeness aimed at influencing the government or public stance.[105]

International [edit]

Secretarial assistant-full general of the Council of Europe Thorbjorn Jagland expressed concerns near the law during a articulation news conference with Sergei Lavrov, the Russian strange minister, stating that "[The law] can have a chilling effect on the NGO community, particularly if this constabulary is non being put into practice in the correct manner."[106]

Catherine Ashton, the High Representative of the Union for Strange Affairs and Security Policy at the European Union, expressed business organization about the law and resulting raids, stating that "The inspections and searches launched against the Russian NGO customs and conducted on vague legal grounds are worrisome since they seem to exist aimed at farther undermining civil social club in the country."[10]

German chancellor Angela Merkel publicly rebuked President Putin while he visited Hanover, presently after Russian officials searched and confiscated documents and equipment from two German NGOs operating in Russia.[107]

German foreign government minister Guido Westerwelle declared the moves against the nonprofits unacceptable and warned through a spokesperson that they could "have a sustained effect on bilateral relations."[108]

United States Banana Secretary of State Michael Posner criticized the draft legislation while speaking to the Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission, saying "Nosotros are securely concerned nigh the worsening climate for media freedom in Russia. Before this month the Duma passed laws enabling Internet censorship and re-criminalizing defamation. The Duma has also discussed labeling news outlets that are funded internationally as 'foreign agents' – a stigmatizing term now likewise applied to NGOs."[109]

The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly in its "Helsinki Declaration" from July 2015 called upon Russia to "end its attempts to stigmatize and discredit civil society groups past labeling them foreign agents".[110]

The Venice Commission of the Quango of Europe issued an opinion raising "several serious issues" with the formulation and implementation of the law co-ordinate to Council of Europe standards. Information technology called upon Russia to reformulate the vague criteria of "political activities", and to carelessness the term "foreign agent", stating that "by bringing dorsum the rhetoric used during the communist period, this term stigmatises the NCOs to which it is applied, tarnishing their reputation and seriously hampering their activities."[111]

On 6 July 2021, the new opinion of the Venice Committee on Russian foreign agent police force was published.[112] Co-ordinate to the Venice Commission'southward conclusion, the recent amendments to Russia's "strange amanuensis" legislation take a clear direction towards expanding the scope of entities and individuals that qualify as "strange agents" too every bit expanding the obligations and restrictions on these entities and individuals. The recent amendments also significantly raise sanctions (administrative and criminal) for not-compliance with these regulations. At the same time, they tend to apply vague and overly broad terminology and fail to have a reasonable relation to the aims allegedly pursued. As a upshot, they found serious violations of basic human rights, including the freedoms of association and expression, the right to privacy, the right to participate in public affairs, besides equally the prohibition of bigotry. The Venice Committee is particularly concerned by the combined consequence of the most recent amendments on entities, individuals, the media and civil order more than broadly. The Venice Commission warns against the pregnant chilling effect that the recent reforms are likely to have on the free exercise of the civil and political rights which are vital for an effective democracy. The combined outcome of the recent reforms enables authorities to exercise meaning control over the activities and being of associations every bit well every bit over the participation of individuals in borough life. The Venice Commission recommends that the Russian government abandon the special regime of registration, reporting, and public disclosure requirements for associations, media outlets and individuals receiving "foreign support", including the related administrative and criminal sanctions. Alternatively, the Venice Commission calls on the Russian government to thoroughly revise not only the most recent amendments but the entire body of its "foreign agent" legislation by significantly narrowing the legal definition of a "foreign agent" in order to serve the stated aim of transparency. Specifically, the notions of "political activities" and "strange back up" should be abandoned in favour of indicators that would reliably track objectionable forms of foreign interference. At a minimum, the stigmatising and misleading "foreign agent" label should be abandoned in favour of a more neutral and accurate designation. This new designation should not be used as a criterion for banning individuals from inbound public service. Too, NCOs and media outlets so designated should not be prohibited from participating in campaign activities. Criminal sanctions, including peculiarly compulsory labour and the impecuniousness of freedom, should non exist practical to breaches of registration, reporting and public disclosure requirements for "strange agents", even under the narrow definition of that designation. Farther, the penalty of liquidation of NCOs should be reserved for extreme cases of violations threatening commonwealth.

NGOs [edit]

In 2015, the scientific discipline and education supporting fund Dynasty Foundation run by Dmitry Zimin, founder of Vympelcom, airtight after beingness forced to label itself every bit a "foreign amanuensis". This decision of the Ministry of Justice has sparked a lot of criticism as "Dynasty" was not involved in politics and fully focused on national education in Russia. It too received no funds from foreign third parties, merely keeping part of their funds on foreign bank accounts. Subsequently mass protests of the bookish community against this bigotry Zimin attempted appeals and when they remained unsuccessful, he decided to close the fund and left Russia.[113] [114]

The Committee Against Torture also alleged the system will exist closed later information technology lost an appeal against the justice ministry qualifying it as a "foreign agent".[115] [116]

According to Human being Rights Lookout man, by August 2016 at least xiii groups chose to shut down rather than clothing the "foreign agent" characterization.[38]

Since the law was passed in Russian federation, Transparency International-Russian federation (TI-R) has fought it. In November 2012 the Lath of the Heart of TI-R issued a statement declaring the law unconstitutional, claiming it impairs their rights to organize and participate in governance.[117] TI-R claims that the "foreign amanuensis" police enacted by the Russian government is unconstitutional according to the Russian constitution based on its articles concerning freedom of speech and the right to participate in governance.[99] TI-R was itself placed on the listing of foreign agents in 2015.[100]

See too [edit]

  • Russian undesirable organizations police
  • List of websites blocked in Russia
  • Media freedom in Russia
  • United States Foreign Agents Registration Act

References [edit]

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External links [edit]

  • Service for the search of non-turn a profit organizations designated as "foreign agent" (in Russian)
  • List of strange media performing the functions of a "foreign agent" (in Russian)
  • Russian Duma chronology Archived 2018-06-24 at the Wayback Machine, bill No. 102766-6
  • Full text of the law, publication No. 0001201207230003
  • Russia's next 'strange agent' could be you, Meduza, December 5, 2020
  • Who Has Russian federation Labeled Equally A 'Foreign Agent'?

How Many People In Our Government Are Registered As A Foreign Agent,

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_foreign_agent_law

Posted by: georgedoons1973.blogspot.com

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